AMATEKA Y'INTAMBARA YO KU RUCUNSHU

Ingoma y’u Rwanda yibyara amahari, 1895

             2.1.          Impagarara mu izungurwa ry’Umwami KIGELI V Rwabugili.

Izungurwa rw’ Umwami KIGELI V Rwabugili riratwereka inzira Abadage banyuzemo ngo binjire mu butegetsi bw’u Rwanda. Ubwo hari intambara zavutse nyuma y’iryo zungurwa. Nyuma Ababiligi baje mu Rwanda bakurikiyemo Abadage, nyuma baza gukwirakwiza inyigisho z’amacakubiri bagamije guhirika Ubwami bw’u Rwanda. Izo nyigisho zakoreshejwe n’ubutegetsi bwakurikiyeho zibyara urwango rukomeye rwavuyemo imbaraga zakoreshejwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994.

Umwami KIGELI V Rwabugili yategetse Ubwami bw’u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka 1853 kugeza 1895, aratanga. Kuzungurwa kwe kwateje impagarara mu Bwami bw’u Rwanda ndetse bukurizaho ubwehe bwo guhirima burundu.

Izo mpagarara zikomeye mu Bwami zatewe n’amakosa akomeye Umwami KIGELI V Rwabugili yakoze akiriho, yabaye imbarutso y’intambara  Abanyarwanda benshi bazi ku izina ry’intambara ku Rucunshu[1]. Yashyamiranije abashyigikiye Umugabekazi KANJOGERA n’Abashyigiye Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa. Umugabekazi KANJOGERA yagambiriye guhirika Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa ku ngoma akimika umuhungu we Musinga abigeraho.

Urwimo rwa YUHI V Musinga, rwagizwe n’intambara nyinshi z’abahinza bari baranze kumuyoboka. Bituma yitabaza Abazungu b’Abadage bari mu gihugu. Abadage  nabo babanza gusezerana n’Umwami ko bazategekana nawe igihugu, ariko agakomeza akaba Umwami ntacyo bamubangamiyeho.

Nabo bakagarura igihugu mu mahoro ubwo hari 1899, abadage bahagarariwe na Kapiteni Bethe w’umudage. Abo Badage nibo baje bakurikiwe n’Ababiligi mu mwaka 1914 mu ntambara ya mbere y’isi. Ababiligi batsinda urugamba mu 1916. Aba Babiligi nibo baciyemo ibice Abanyarwanda bagambiriye kubategeka. Uku niko Abakoroni babashije kwinjira mu butegetsi bw’u Rwanda.

3.       Inkomoko y’amahari yihariye ingoma y’u rwanda

Turavuga muri mpine bimwe mu byerekeye ibyo Umwami KIGELI V Rwabugili yakoze akiriho bigatuma ingoma ya Cyami isenyukana n’ibyo yari yarubatse byose. Agatera kurangira kw’ingoma ya ba sekuruza.

Icyo tugamije ni ukurebera hamwe uburyo abakoroni b’abazungu baje kugira imbaraga mu butegetsi. Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili wari intwari izwi n’amahanga yaje gukora amakosa akomeye yo kwica amategeko y’ubwiru kandi ari ikintu kitatinyukwaga muri icyo gihe. Byari bizwi ko utakwica ubwiru ngo bihere bityo, hagombaga kugira inyishyu yabyo uko byagenda kose, haba kuwa bwishe cyangwa abandi bireba.

3.1.          * Guhitamo Rutarindwa nk’Umwami

Ikosa rya mbere, Umwami KIGELI V Rwabugili, yazunguwe ku Ngoma n’umwana washidikanywagaho ko ari uwe, ariko abikora kumpamvu ze. MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa, avugwa ko atari  umwana wa KIGELI V Rwabugili bwite, ahubwo ari uwa GACINYA ka RWABIKA mwene Yuhi GAHINDIRO, kandi ubwiru bwaravugaga ko Umwami ari we ugomba kubyara undi mwami, bukongeraho ko umwami yibyaraho umwami umwe. Rutalindwa yari umwuzukuru wa Gahindiro, ntabwo yari umwana w’Umwami uri ku ngoma.

Umwami Yuhi V Musinga n'Umugabekazi
Nyirayuhi V Kanjogera

3.2.          *Kwimika umuzungura w’ingoma mbere yo gutanga

Ikosa rya kabiri, ryagaragaye mu guhitamo umuzungura we ku ngoma. Akamutangaza mbere y’uko atanga. Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa yari yarimanye na se akiriho kuwa 22 Ugushyingo 1889, kandi ubwiru butabyemera, uwo muhango wari ugenewe gusa Abami bitwaga ba CYILIMA na MUTARA.

3.3.            * Guhitamo umugabekazi w’umutsindirano utemewe n’ubwiru.

Ikosa rya Gatatu, ni uko Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa, yahawe umubabekazi w’umutsindirano KANJOGERA w’ubwoko bw’abega butari ubwa Nyina. Ndetse KANJOGERA yari afite umwana w’umuhungu w’Umwami KIGELI IV Rwabugili ariwe Musinga. Ubwiru ntibwabyemeraga, kuko umugabekazi w’umutsindirano yagombaga kuba ari uwo mu bwoko bumwe n’ubwa Nyina w’umwami wimye ingoma, kandi akagomba kuba adahekeye Umwami Umwana w’umuhungu.

3.4.           

                  * Kumena amabanga y’ubwiru

Ikosa rya Kane, Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili, yatumye basaza ba Kanjogera KABARE na RUHINANKIKO bamenya ubwiru, kandi bitemewe, ntiyagize ibanga nk’Umwami wari wizewe n’abiru bose. Yavuze ibijyanye n’isimburwa rye mbere ndetse n’umugabekazi. Byatumye bitegura kare icyo bazakora umunsi yatanze. Ibyo byatumye babuganirira abandi, icyo cyari ikizira gikomeye mu Rwanda.

4.        Ibyemezo by’Abiru mu gihe cy’izungura ry’Ingoma.

Ibi byose Abiru babibwiye Umwami KIGELI IV Rwabugili yanga kubumva. Avuga ko yaba yarabitewe n’uko yakundaga inzoga cyane n’abagore bigatuma ashukwa na benshi. Ibyo bituma, Umwiru mukuru witwaga BIBENGA ahitamo kuva i Bwami avuga ko atazongera kubonana n’Umwami KIGELI IV Rwabugili, agana iwe ababaye cyane ntiyagaruka. Avuga ngo «Ntayaba umwiru w’Umwami w’uburiganya.»

Umwami KIGELI IV Rwabugiri abyumvise ahagarika umutima amutumaho intumwa ngo azibwire icyo atekereza ku iyimikwa rya Rutalindwa. Bibega yahise abwira intumwa ngo zibwire Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili ziti :  “Mbere wari Kigeli cya Rwogera, none ubu uri Kimali cya Rurenge”. Uyu Kimali yakoze amakosa ku ngoma ye bituma ingoma y’ Abarenge ihirima, ifatwa n’u Rwanda.

5.         Icyo ubwiru bwateganya iyo ingoma zibyaye amahari.

Ubwiru bwavugaga ko iyo ingoma zibyaye amahari, urwo aba ari urubanza ruba rusumba abantu, bakaruharira Imana. Icyo gihe baburanira Imana bakoresheje imiheto, uwo Imana yemeye agatsinda.

6.       Intangiriro y’intambara yo ku Rucunshu.

Nk’uko tubibwirwa n’umwanditsi NYIRISHEMA Celestin[2] Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili yatanze mu mwaka wa 1895, arashwe umwambi wo mu jisho n’Abashi ari muri Rusizi, avuye mu bitero byo ku ijwi. Umugogo we watabajwe mu irimbi ryashyingurwagamo Abami b’u Rwanda n’Abagabekazi babo riherereye mu Mudugudu wa Nyakavunga, Akagari ka Kigabiro, mu Murenge wa Rutare, mu Karere ka Gicumbi ho mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru.

Ku kagambane k’umugabekazi w’umutsindirano NYIRAMIBAMBWE IV Kanjogera, Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa yahiritswe ku ngoma yishwe, himikwa Umwana wa Kanjogera witwaga MUSINGA.

Uko guhirikwa ku ngoma niko kwabyaye intambara y’i Bwami yiswe intambara yo ku Rucunshu aho Umwami yari atuye, ni mu Karere ka Muhanga.

Ubwo bugambanyi umugabekazi yari abufatanyijemo na basaza be KABARE na RUHINANKIKO, umutware RUTISHEREKA watwara umutwe w’ingabo z’Abashakamba, RUKANGIRASHYAMBA rwa KANYAMUHUNGU wari igisonga gikomeye  i Bwami.

Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa nawe yari afite abamunambyeho bamushyigikiye cyane barimo RUTIKANGA rwa NKURIYINGOMA na KIBABA cya NDUNGUTSE ari nawe warindaga Ingoma y’ingabe KALINGA. Harimo n’abarwanyi kabuhariwe barimo BISANGWA bya RUGOMBITURI watwaraga umutwe w’Ingabo z’INGANGURARUGO, hakaba MUGOGO wa SHUMBUSHO watwaraga umutwe w’Ingabo z’ABARASA ndetse n’indwanyi MUHIGIRWA watwaraga umutwe w’ingabo z’INYARUGURU.

Aba bari baranambye ku Mwami bahawe kurinda kimwe n’Abiru bamwe, bemeraga ko Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa agomba kuguma ku ngoma kuko yayirazwe, byaba bikwiye cyangwa bidakwiye, kuko yari yarakorewe mihango yo kwimikwa imbere ya rubanda.

Ibirego bikomeye byaregwaga Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa byari bishingiye ku mateka n’umuco gusa. Harimo kuba yarakomokaga mu muryango w’Abakono kandi ubu bwoko bwarateye umwaku abatware babukomokagamo bagapfa urupfu rubi. Ingero z’amateka berekanaga harimo umugabekazi NYIRARUNGANZU II Nyabacuzi wari Umukono agatera umwaku umuhungu we RUGANZU II Ndoli bakicwa nabi. Umugabekazi Nyirayuhi III Nyamarembo wateye umwaku umuhungu YUHI III Mazimpaka agapfa yiyahuye ku rutare kubera ko yari arwaye amakaburo[3]. Nyina wa KIGELI IV Rwabugili ariwe NYIRAKIGELI IV Murorunkwere nawe wari Umukono, uyu we yishwe n’umuhungu we Umwami KIGELI IV Rwabugili amuziza ko atwite, nyuma yishe bikomeye abantu bo mu muryango we ahorera nyina asanze yarabeshyewe, ku buryo bavugaga ko ari umwaku w’Abakono nyine. Byose bakabishyira hamwe bakavuga ko Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa atazigera arema u Rwanda ruzima. Gusa, kwari ugushaka kwimika umuhungu w’amaraso y’umugabekazi Kanjogera.

Ikindi bashingiragaho cyane, berekanaga ko yari Umwami utazi gufata ibyemezo, kandi ko yari afite ubumuga bw’umubiri kuko yari afite umubyibuho ukabije wageze aho ukamubuza kuva mu nzu, akarwara ibisebe ndetse n’amavunja hose. Bakamushinja ko ari ingoma yamurashe bityo ko atari we wagombaga kuyima rwose. Umwanditsi KAGAME Alexis atubwira ko RUHINANKIKO ubwe yamutangarije ko Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa ashobora kuba yari yararozwe uburozi butuma aba ikigoryi ubwo yari akimara kwima ingoma ubwo Umwami KIGELI IV Rwabugili yari akiriho.

Inkoramutima z’ Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa zamugiriye inama yo kwikiza abarimo kumugambanira ariko abima amatwi. MUHIGIRWA ubwe yamugiriye inama yo kwikiza itsinda ryarimo rimugambanira ririmo na basaza ba Kanjogera KABARE na RUHINANKIKO akabica bose, ingabo bayoboraga zigahabwa abandi batware, ariko Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa arabyanga ngo bitazamuteranya n’umugabekazi.

Ibi bimaze kumenyekana Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa yatangiye kuvanwaho abari bamushyigikiye uruhongohongo. BISANGWA bya RUGOMBITURI yoherejwe mu ntambara i Shangi ashyirwa aho rukomeye arahanwa ku rugamba yicwa n’abasirikare b’Abanyekongo bari bayobowe na Liyetona SANGLATE. BISANGWA bya RUGOMBITURI yanze guhunga aravuga ati “ Mpunze mva mu mahanga nza mu Rwanda byakumvikana, ariko ko se ko ndi mu Rwanda ahandi nahunga ngana ni he?” Maze akomeza asatira ingabo za Congo Liyetona SANGLATE amukubita isasu mu gahanga agwaho. Mbere yo gupfa aravuga ngo “Uwanyoye amata y’i Bwami ayishyuza amaraso”

Umuvandimwe wa BISANGWA  witwaga SEHENE niwe wahise agabana ibye, maze nawe agira inama  Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa yo kwica MUSINGA umuhungu wa KANJOGERA umugabekazi, akeyura ijuru ry’I Bwami ryari ryuzuye urwijiji, impaka zikarekera aho. Ariko Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa yamubwiye ko atagambanira umuvandimwe udafite icyaha rwose, aramuhakanira. Ingeza z’umugabekazi zagejeje amakuru kuri KABARE, amuteza abantu bamwica bamunize, apfa atyo bucece.

Kuva ubwo hakurikiyeho gushaka amaboko y’abashyigikira Musinga wari ukiri muto. Biyegereza bene KIGELI IV Rwabugili batagize ayo mahirwe yo kwima ingoma. Kandi icyari gisigaye kwari ukwikiza Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa, bashoboraga kubikora bamuroze cyangwa bakamuta mu gico bakamuhotora, ariko yari arinzwe bikomeye n’inkoramutima ze. Ubwo bahisemo inzira y’imirwano.

Umwami yari atuye i RUKAZA ku musozi wa RUCUNSHU, hari hategerejwe ko urugo rushya rw’i RWAMIKO hepfo ya SHYOGWE rwuzura. Intambara yari yiteguwe ku mpande zombie kandi bimaze igihe. Ariko uruhande rw’umugabekazi nta ngabo zihagije rwari rufite. Mu gihe gito cy’urugamba, ingabo z’ Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa zari zisatiriye inzu yarimo umugabekazi KANJOGERA na MUSINGA umuhungu we. Umugabekazi abibonye atyo ashaka kwiyahura akica n’umuhungu we Musinga. Ariko KABARE wari aho arababuza, n’ubwo inzu yari yamaze gukikizwa n’ingabo zisigaye kwinjiramo zikabicira rimwe cyangwa hagakorwa ikindi.

Umugambi wose wari warakozwe kera n’abarwanya Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa wari ugeze ku iherezo, iyo hadatunguka umutware RWAMABANO rwa MIRIMO wari kumwe n’ingabo ze z’ABATANYAGWA baturutse mu BUDAHA baje gutabara Umwami. Ariko batungukira ku Ngabo zo kwa KABARE zihita zibayobya batangira kurwanya iz’ Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa, urugamba rusubira ibubisi ibintu birakomera cyane. Kubera amakare y’ingabo z’Abatanyagwa uruhande rwa KANJOGERA rwongeye kuganza ku rugamba, kuko izo ngabo zasanze izo k’ Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa zari zananiwe cyane. 

Barazirwanya barazinesha bakomeza bagirango basatire ingoro y’Umwami ngo bamukize nk’uko bari baje kubikora. Ariko Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa abona ko we byamurangiranye yinjira mu nzu ye hamwe n’umuryango we barimo Umwamikazi KANYONGA n’abahungu be batatu ,hamwe n’inkoramutima ze zari zamunambyeho zemeye gupfana nawe, inzu iratwikwa bose bapfiramo. Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa atanga atyo.

KABARE yihuse yateruye MUSINGA wari ukiri muto, amwereka imbaga yari ihagaze mu marembo ati “Rubanda dore Umwami w’ukuri Rubanda yaraze ingoma, ni YUHI MUSINGA naho

Umwami YUHI V Musinga na
Nyirarume KABARE.

RUTARINDWA yari yarigize ikigomeke cyihaye ingoma”. Ubwo yari akiri muri ibyo bamubwiye ko ingoma z’ingabe zahiye arabasubiza ati “Haguma Umwami naho ingoma irabazwa” ariko bamubwira ko na “KALINGA” irimo, ahita yihuta bajya kuyarura basanga yari imaze  gushya igiseme, bayizimisha amata.

Naho iyayo yitwaga « icyumwe » yo yari yamaze gukongoka. Iyo ngoma yavugaga ko igihugu gitegekwa n’umuntu umwe rukumbi.

Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa aratanga asimburwa na YUHI IV Musinga. Bivuga ko kuba yarasimbuwe n’Umwami witwa YUHI, ubwo MIBAMBWE yari Umwami wemewe, ahubwo ahiritswe ku ngoma hima Umwami utarahawe Ingoma na se. Kuva ubwo igihugu nticyongeye kugengwa n’umuntu umwe cyabaye icy’abantu b’imihanda yose harimo n’abanyamahanga barimo n’abanyaburayi.

Uko guhirika ubutegetsi kwakurikiwe n’intambara zikomeye zasanze Ubwami budafite ingabo zikomeye cyane. Inzo ntambara z’abari baranambye k’Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa, ziswe intambara z’abahinza. Zatumye Ubwami bwitabaza Abazungu bari barageze mu Rwanda, kugirango babafashe gutsinda izo ntambara zashoboraga kubahirika ku ngoma vuba cyane.

Muri make uku niko Umwami YUHI V Musinga yimye ingoma mu mahari n’amahane menshi, ayitegeka mu ntambara nyinshi kandi ayivayo aciwe n’Ababiligi agwa ishyanga ababaye cyane. Ibi turaza kubibibona.

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[1] Rucunshu ibarizwa mu Karere ka Muhanga

[2] NYIRISHEMA,C., “Ibyo ku ingoma z’ abami b’ U Rwanda unyuze ku muzi w’ Abasuka”,2008

[3] Uburwayi bwo mu mutwe